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Everybody pees.But that doesn't mean everybody has a perfect grasp of how, exactly, it works.

There are many mystifying aspects of urination — starting with what colour your urine should be, how long y'all tin safely concur it for, and if "breaking the seal" is a real thing.

With this in mind, I spoke to NYU urologist Benjamin Brucker to ask some of the most pressing questions about peeing.

1) At least five dissimilar parts of your brain are involved in peeing

As your claret gets pumped through your kidneys, the organs collect backlog water. At the same time, they besidesfilter out a few different types of waste material: a molecule called urea (fabricated up nitrogen, a byproduct of your cells' metabolism), chloride, sodium, potassium, and creatinine.

All this flows into a small muscular sack: your float. "The bladder is made upwards of lots of different muscles, cells, nerve endings, and blood vessels," Brucker says. " The desire to urinate comes mainly from stretch receptors in the bladder that send a signal to the brain when the bladder reaches a sure size, telling you it's fourth dimension to urinate."

Recent research using MRIs has shown that this communication organisation is fairly circuitous: the signal is processed byfive to 7 unlike areas of the brain, which send a signal instructing your bladder muscles to contract and your urethral sphincter (a pair of ring-shaped muscles that permit urine to period from your bladder to your urethra) to relax.

"This system iswhy humans are capable of being continent — why we're non only immediately peeing whenever we need to pee," Brucker says.

ii) Your urine doesn't actually need to exist clear

There's a widespread conventionalities that, ideally, your urine should be perfectly clear at all times — a sign that yous're well-hydrated.In reality, yet, having totally clear urine may exist a sign that you're really drinking too much water.

"More often than not, if someone is well-hydrated, the urine is going to be on the clear side, and if they're less hydrated it will be darker," Brucker says. "Merely it'south a myth that you should ever be super well-hydrated and peeing clear.For most people, I just say, 'Drinkable when yous're thirsty.'"

Doctors generally recommend that your urine is either a "pale straw" or transparent yellow color, although it's not a huge deal if it's a bit darker or lighter (unless y'all have a condition that requires you lot to exist especially well-hydrated at all times). Other colors — like pink, red, orangish, or greenish — could be a sign of a kidney or liver disorder, or could only exist the outcome of nutrient coloring in something y'all ate.

iii) Your bladder tin agree about a soda tin's worth of urine

About this much. (Oleg Sklyanchuk)

Despite how long you lot might pee for afterwards holding information technology for a while, your float might be smaller than you realize.

"Some people have bigger bladders, some people have smaller ones, simply usually an adult bladder can hold somewhere between 300 and 600 milliliters," Brucker says. "For a comparison, I oft liken it to a tin can of Coke."

For people with various bladder, kidney, or prostate atmospheric condition, this can vary widely in both directions.

four) Belongings your urine for a long fourth dimension isn't unhealthy

While information technology's generally a good practice to go when yous demand to, when the occasion calls for you to concur it for a little while, information technology probably won't do you any harm.

"Urinating at normal intervals — say, every four to five hours — is probably healthiest," Brucker says. "That said, in a normal, healthy patient with no medical issues, would yous really do harm to your body by holding information technology for a while? Y'all probably wouldn't."

It's definitely a myth, meanwhile, that holding it besides long can brand your bladder burst (unless you recently had a bladder reconstructed from other body tissue due to float cancer). In that location besides isn't evidence that holding it for excessive lengths of time increases the adventure of UTIs (more than on those beneath).

five) Urine isn't sterile — and you should never, always drink it

Practise not drink. (Shutterstock.com)

Under both normal circumstances and dire straits, it's an absolutely terrible thought to drink your own pee.

The reason is twofold. One is that reverse to popular belief, urine is not sterile. Drinking it puts you at risk of infection from the bacteria living in it.

The second reason is that apart from water, everything else in urine is waste that your body is trying to get rid of. Normally, that but constitutes 5 pct of urine, but if y'all're dehydrated, information technology'll make up a greater per centum. Taking in too much urea and other waste further dehydrates you and puts you lot at risk of kidney failure, equally the organs work to filter out double (or more) the usual amount.

Though in that location are several different miraculous survival stories that involvesomeone drinking their ain urine, nearly survival experts — along with the Usa Army's survival transmission —do not advise trying it.

Additionally, from fourth dimension to time, people have advocated drinking one's ain urine as a mode to care for several different diseases, including cancer. The American Cancer Order, however, confirms there is no testify that drinking urine is an effective mode to cure cancer.

Finally, there's the somewhat related idea that if yous get stung past a jellyfish, urinating on the site of the sting is an constructive remedy. Every bit it turns out, this is a myth popularized by an episode of Friends — and scientists agree that it probably wouldn't be effective.

six) There's no show that peeing afterward sex activity prevents UTIs

Both women and men can get urinary tract infections, but women get them much more than often for a basic anatomical reason: Their urethras are shorter and are located much closer to the anus, allowing bacteria to more than easily jump from i to the other and travel up the float. Typically, this occurs with E. coli bacteria, though in about 5 to 10 percent of cases, information technology'due south Staphylococcus.

Unfortunately, the activeness that actually spreads the leaner most often is sexual practice — in pre-menopausal women who are sexually active, researchers judge sex is to blame for about 75 to xc per centum of UTIs. Using a diaphragm or a spermicide makes someone more likely to contract a UTI, but d espite conventional wisdom, there'south no testify that peeing or taking a shower afterwards sexual activity, using condoms, or using a nascency command pill makes them whatever more or less probable. There's some prove that drinking cranberry juice can help prevent them, but the effect seems to exist small.

A dose of antibiotics is normally effective in decision-making an infection but rarely wipes out the bacteria entirely: 44 pct of women accept a second episode within a year of being treated for an initial one.

7)You lot tin train yourself to not need to urinate as often

This sweater-vested man's got to get! (Shutterstock.com)

"I meet a lot of patients with complaints of frequent urination, or overactive bladder," Brucker says. "But a lot of the time, information technology's simply a thing of them breaking the habit of peeing every opportunity they have, because then they end upwardly peeing 25 times per solar day."

Simply property it for a bit instead of going the second you lot feel the need to pee will gradually strengthen both the mental advice circuit responsible for keeping your bladder from emptying and the actual muscles that let you practise so. (It'south probably a myth, withal, that holding information technology stretches your bladder then that information technology tin conform more urine in the hereafter.)

If you're stuck in a state of affairs where you lot do demand to agree information technology for an especially long time, there are some things you can do. WikiHow'southward exquisitely illustrated guide has some interesting tips: Information technology'due south practiced to cross your legs if standing, merely not if you're sitting (because raising your thighs at all towards your belly will increase pressure on your bladder). Don't move too much, don't drink anything, and try to call back almost something totally unrelated to your overwhelming urge to pee.

If this all fails, in that location'southward a secret move you can whip out in especially dire circumstances, though it requires advance preparation. It's called the knack maneuver, and both men and women tin can develop the ability to execute it by doing exercises like to Kegel exercises over time. Essentially, you try to squeeze the muscles that make up your pelvic floor, and so intentionally coughing or pretend to sneeze (here are some tips on how to locate and contract these muscles).

Over time, doing multiple reps of this exercise will strengthen the muscles. So if yous contract them when you exercise demand to pee, Brucker says, "information technology essentially sends a signal to your brain that it's non a skillful time to urinate, which then sends a betoken back down to your float."

8) "Breaking the seal" is not a real thing

Resist the urinals? (Shutterstock.com)

A common urinary myth holds that if you're drinking heavily and ignore the urge to pee, you tin can finish your body from producing as much urine. In one case you give in and "break the seal," however, your body will produce much more urine, and you'll inevitably have to go over and over once more.

Information technology's a squeamish plow of phrase, just at that place's no show this is the case. Brucker has a more scientific explanation for information technology. "Permit'due south say you've been out in the lord's day all day, and you don't take to pee, and then you go to the bar and have iv or five beers," he says. "A ll of a sudden yous're more than hydrated, and booze is a bit of a diuretic, and then you'll be making even more urine. As a result, once you lot first peeing information technology's probably just going to keep happening."

In other words, you have to urinate over and over simply because you keep drinking — non considering y'all went that get-go time. And a given volume of alcohol typically leads your body to produce more urine than the same amount of water, exacerbating the problem.

9) Booze and caffeine brand yous pee through dissimilar mechanisms

Not because it basically looks similar urine. (Photograph by Johannes Simon/Getty Images)

Alcohol and caffeine are both diuretics, but they piece of work through entirely dissimilar mechanisms.

Alcohol messes with your body's production of a hormone called vasopressin (sometimes chosen anti-diuretic hormone). Normally your brain's pituitary gland secretes this chemic, which tells your kidneys to filter less water out of your claret, thereby producing less urine. Alcohol, all the same, interferes with the secretion of this hormone, so a lot more h2o ends up in your urine — and you need to urinate more than oft. Drinkable enough alcohol (and not enough h2o) over time, and you'll get dehydrated, which may be i of the means alcohol causes hangovers.

Caffeine acts as a diuretic in a different way. When it enters your bloodstream, it alters activity inside your kidneys — ultimately causing them to filter greater levels of sodium out of your blood. This causes more than h2o to menstruation out of your claret through osmosis, producing more urine.

However, in that location'south reason to believe that caffeine is a far less strong diuretic than alcohol. Controlled experiments accept shown that amount of caffeine found in tea, soda, and java — in other words, the amount of caffeine you'd eat in nigh in realistic scenarios — doesn't essentially increase urine product or dehydrate people, and also that people who regularly drink caffeine develop a tolerance to its diuretic effects. In other words, for caffeine to really brand you have to pee more, you have to drink a whole lot of information technology.

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Source: https://www.vox.com/2014/9/23/6538083/pee-urine-bladder

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